The Havanese is a charming and delightful dog breed known for its cheerful disposition and affectionate nature. Whether you’re considering adding a Havanese to your family or you’re simply curious about this breed, this complete guide will provide you with everything you need to know—from their history and characteristics to care tips and fun facts.
Brief Overview of Havanese
The Havanese, also known as the Havana Silk Dog, is a small but sturdy breed that has captured the hearts of many dog lovers. Originally from Cuba, this breed is part of the Bichon family and is renowned for its silky, long coat and expressive eyes. Havanese are highly sociable dogs who thrive on human companionship, making them an ideal choice for families, singles, and seniors alike.
Why Havanese Makes a Great Pet
Havanese dogs are incredibly affectionate and are known to form strong bonds with their owners. Their friendly and outgoing nature makes them excellent companions for children and other pets. They are also intelligent and eager to please, which makes training relatively easy. Due to their moderate size and adaptable nature, Havanese are well-suited for both apartment living and larger homes.
Havanese Statistics:
Dog breed group: Toy Group
Height: 8.5 to 11.5 inches (21.5 to 29 cm)
Weight: 7 to 13 pounds (3 to 6 kg)
Life Expectancy: 14 to 16 years
Quick Facts:
Coat: Silky, long, and wavy; can be straight or curly
Club Recognition: American Kennel Club (AKC), United Kennel Club (UKC), Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
Ideal Owner: Families, singles, seniors, anyone seeking a loving companion
Energy Level/Exercise Needs: Moderate; requires daily walks and playtime
Space Requirements: Adapts well to both apartments and houses
Grooming Requirements: High; requires regular brushing and professional grooming
Training: Easy to train; responds well to positive reinforcement
Are they good family dogs? Yes, excellent with children and other pets
Tendency to bark: Moderate; may bark to alert but not excessively
History and Origins
The Havanese breed has a fascinating history that is deeply intertwined with the cultural heritage of Cuba. The breed’s ancestors are believed to have arrived in Cuba from Spain during the 1500s, brought by colonists. These dogs quickly became favored by the Cuban aristocracy, particularly for their charming personalities and beautiful coats.
Key Milestones in the Breed’s Development
- 1500s: Ancestors of the Havanese arrive in Cuba with Spanish colonists.
- 18th and 19th Centuries: The breed becomes a favorite among the Cuban aristocracy, often seen in the homes of the wealthy.
- 1959: The Cuban Revolution leads to many Havanese being brought to the United States by fleeing Cuban families.
- 1979: The Havanese is recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) as a member of the Toy Group.
Physical Characteristics
Size and Weight:
Havanese are small dogs, standing between 8.5 and 11.5 inches tall and weighing between 7 and 13 pounds. Despite their small stature, they are sturdy and well-proportioned.
Coat Type and Colors:
The Havanese coat is one of the breed’s most distinctive features. It is long, silky, and can be either straight or wavy. The coat comes in a wide variety of colors, including white, black, chocolate, and shades of cream, gold, and red. Some Havanese also have markings or patches of different colors.
Facial Features:
Havanese have a sweet, expressive face with large, dark eyes that convey intelligence and warmth. Their ears are set high and fold over, framing their face charmingly.
Unique Physical Traits:
One of the Havanese’s most unique traits is its springy gait, which is both lively and graceful. This characteristic is a result of their slightly longer back legs compared to the front.
Temperament and Personality
Havanese’s Temperament:
The Havanese is known for its outgoing and friendly temperament. These dogs are often described as “velcro dogs” because they love to be close to their owners at all times. They are cheerful, playful, and love to entertain their families with their antics.
Behavioral Characteristics:
Havanese are very social and enjoy interacting with people and other animals. They are generally well-behaved, but like many small breeds, they can develop “small dog syndrome” if not properly trained and socialized. This can lead to behaviors like excessive barking or being overly protective.
Barking Tendency:
While Havanese are not known to be excessive barkers, they may bark to alert their owners of strangers or unusual noises. Proper training can help manage and reduce unnecessary barking.
Suitability as a Family Pet:
Havanese are excellent family pets. They are gentle with children, friendly with strangers, and get along well with other pets. Their affectionate nature makes them particularly good for families with children or other dogs.
Compatibility with Other Dogs:
Havanese generally get along well with other dogs, particularly if they have been socialized from a young age. They enjoy canine companionship and can make good playmates for other dogs.
Compatibility with Cats:
Havanese can coexist peacefully with cats, especially if they are introduced early. Their friendly and non-aggressive nature usually leads to harmonious relationships with feline companions.
Tolerance for Solitude:
Havanese do not tolerate being left alone for long periods. They thrive on human interaction and can develop separation anxiety if left alone too often. This can lead to destructive behaviors or excessive barking.
Adaptability to Hot/Cold Weather:
Havanese have a moderate tolerance for both hot and cold weather. Their long coat offers some protection against the cold, but they should not be left outside for extended periods in extreme temperatures. In hot weather, they may need extra care to avoid overheating.
Trainability
Ease of Training:
Havanese are intelligent and eager to please, making them relatively easy to train. They respond well to positive reinforcement techniques such as treats, praise, and play. Early training and socialization are important to prevent any undesirable behaviors.
Intelligence:
Havanese are bright dogs with a good capacity for learning new commands and tricks. They are quick learners and enjoy mentally stimulating activities.
Potential for Mouthiness:
Like many small breeds, Havanese may exhibit some degree of mouthiness, especially as puppies. They may nibble or chew during play, but this behavior can be managed with proper training.
Prey Drive:
Havanese have a low prey drive, meaning they are unlikely to chase small animals like cats or squirrels. However, they may still enjoy a good chase during playtime.
Tendency to Bark or Howl:
Havanese may bark to alert their owners to new people or sounds, but they are not prone to excessive barking or howling. With proper training, their barking can be kept to a minimum.
Wanderlust Potential:
Havanese tend to be homebodies and are not known for wandering off. They are happiest when they are close to their family, and they usually stay close by during walks or outdoor activities.
Health and Care
Common Health Issues
Patellar Luxation:
Patellar luxation is a common condition in small dog breeds like the Havanese. It occurs when the kneecap dislocates or moves out of its normal position. This can cause pain and lameness in the affected leg. In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the issue.
Hip Dysplasia:
Although less common in Havanese than in larger breeds, hip dysplasia can occur. This is a hereditary condition where the hip joint does not fit properly into the hip socket, leading to discomfort and arthritis over time.
Heart Conditions:
Havanese can be prone to certain heart conditions, such as mitral valve disease. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help detect and manage these conditions early.
Eye Problems:
Havanese may be susceptible to a range of eye problems, including cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). These conditions can lead to vision impairment or blindness if not treated.
Allergies:
Havanese can suffer from allergies, which may manifest as itchy skin, ear infections, or gastrointestinal issues. Identifying and avoiding allergens, along with appropriate treatment, can help manage these symptoms.
Grooming Requirements
Amount of Shedding:
Despite their long coats, Havanese are considered low-shedding dogs. However, their hair can still get caught in the coat, leading to tangles and mats if not regularly brushed.
Drooling Potential:
Havanese are not known to drool excessively. Their mouths are relatively dry, making them a good choice for owners who prefer a cleaner pet.
Ease to Groom:
Grooming a Havanese can be time-consuming due to their long, silky coat. They require regular brushing, ideally daily, to prevent mats and tangles. Many owners choose to have their Havanese professionally groomed every few months to keep the coat manageable.
Exercise and Activity Needs
Energy Level:
Havanese have a moderate energy level. They enjoy regular walks and playtime but do not require excessive exercise to stay happy and healthy.
Exercise Needs:
Daily walks and play sessions are sufficient to meet the exercise needs of a Havanese. They enjoy interactive games, such as fetch or hide-and-seek, and can benefit from short bursts of activity throughout the day.
Potential for Playfulness:
Havanese are playful dogs that enjoy engaging with their owners. They are particularly fond of games and will often find creative ways to entertain themselves if given the opportunity. Their playful nature makes them an excellent choice for families with children.
Nutrition and Diet Tips
Best Feeding Schedule:
Havanese should be fed two to three times a day, depending on their age and activity level. Puppies may require more frequent meals, while adult dogs can thrive on two well-balanced meals per day.
Potential for Weight Gain:
Havanese can be prone to weight gain if overfed or if they do not get enough exercise. It’s important to monitor their weight and adjust their food intake as needed. Feeding high-quality dog food that meets their nutritional needs is essential for maintaining a healthy weight.
Lifespan
Havanese typically live between 14 and 16 years, making them one of the longer-lived dog breeds. With proper care, some Havanese may even exceed this lifespan, enjoying a long and healthy life.
Living with Havanese
Finding a Havanese Puppy:
When looking for a Havanese puppy, it’s essential to choose a reputable breeder who prioritizes the health and temperament of their dogs. Responsible breeders will provide health clearances for the parents and allow you to meet the puppies and their mother in a clean and caring environment. Avoid puppy mills or pet stores where the breeding conditions may be questionable.
Preparing Your Home:
Before bringing a Havanese puppy home, ensure your living space is puppy-proofed. Remove any potential hazards, such as toxic plants or small objects that could be swallowed. Set up a designated area for your puppy with a bed, toys, and food and water dishes. It’s also a good idea to have a crate for training and as a safe space for your puppy.
Havanese Behavior in the Home:
Havanese are well-suited to both apartment living and larger homes. They are generally quiet and enjoy spending time with their owners, whether it’s lounging on the couch or following you around the house. However, they can become bored and develop bad habits if left alone for too long.
Exercise and Playtime:
Havanese enjoy daily walks and playtime. They are not overly demanding when it comes to exercise but do need regular physical activity to stay healthy. Interactive toys and games can help keep them mentally stimulated.
Training and Obedience:
Havanese are intelligent and eager to please, which makes training relatively easy. Consistent, positive reinforcement methods work best. Basic obedience training is essential to ensure your Havanese is well-behaved and socialized.
Socialization:
Early socialization is crucial for Havanese puppies. Exposing them to different people, environments, and other animals will help them grow into well-adjusted adults. Socialization can also prevent behavioral issues such as fearfulness or aggression.
Famous Havanese Owners
The Havanese has charmed its way into the homes of many celebrities and notable figures. Some famous Havanese owners include:
- Barbra Streisand: The iconic singer and actress is a well-known Havanese lover, often seen with her beloved dogs.
- Venus Williams: The tennis superstar has a Havanese named Harold Reginald, who frequently appears on her social media.
- Queen Anne of England: Historical records suggest that Queen Anne was a fan of the Havanese breed, and these dogs were a favorite at the royal court.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Are Havanese hypoallergenic?
Yes, Havanese are considered hypoallergenic. Their low-shedding coat produces less dander, making them a good choice for people with allergies.
How much grooming does a Havanese require?
Havanese require regular grooming to keep their long coat free of mats and tangles. Daily brushing is recommended, along with regular baths and professional grooming every few months.
Do Havanese do well in apartments?
Yes, Havanese adapt well to apartment living due to their small size and moderate exercise needs. As long as they get daily walks and playtime, they can thrive in smaller living spaces.
What is the average cost of a Havanese puppy?
The cost of a Havanese puppy can vary depending on the breeder, location, and pedigree. On average, you can expect to pay between $1,000 and $2,500 for a Havanese puppy from a reputable breeder.
Do Havanese get along with children?
Yes, Havanese are known for their gentle and affectionate nature, making them excellent companions for children. They are patient and playful, which makes them well-suited to families.
Additional Resources
For those interested in learning more about the Havanese breed, here are some helpful resources:
- Havanese Club of America: www.havanese.org
- Books: The Havanese: A Complete and Comprehensive Owners Guide to: Buying, Owning, Health, Grooming, Training, Obedience, Understanding and Caring for Your Havanese by Dog Care Professionals.
These resources provide valuable information on caring for your Havanese and connecting with other breed enthusiasts.